What does the word workmanship (poiema) specifically mean in Ephesians 2:10?

What does the word "workmanship" (translated from the Greek word poiema) specifically mean in Ephesians 2:10, taking into consideration the context of the entire passage (Ephesians 2:1-10) and the broader themes of Ephesians concerning God’s grace, salvation through faith, and the new creation in Christ? I’m interested in nuances beyond a simple dictionary definition. Does poiema emphasize the artistry, creativity, and intentionality of God in creating believers anew in Christ Jesus? Is it meant to convey a passive experience for the believer, or does it imply active participation in fulfilling God’s purposes? Also, how does the use of poiema connect to the concept of good works mentioned in the verse – are these works predetermined and unavoidable consequences of being God’s workmanship, or are they more of a collaborative effort between God and the believer, a natural outflow of a transformed life? Finally, how has the interpretation of poiema in Ephesians 2:10 evolved throughout church history and across different theological perspectives?

Answer

In Ephesians 2:10, the Greek word poiēma (ποίημα) translated as "workmanship" carries a significant and multifaceted meaning. It goes beyond a simple notion of something made or crafted. Understanding its nuances illuminates the profound theological implications of the verse.

Poiēma is derived from the verb poiéō (ποιέω), which means "to make," "to do," "to create," or "to bring into existence." Therefore, at its most basic level, poiēma refers to something that has been made or created. However, the context and usage in Ephesians 2:10 elevates this simple definition.

Here’s a detailed breakdown of what poiēma specifically implies in Ephesians 2:10:

1. Divine Creation and Artistry: The use of poiēma highlights that Christians are not simply products of chance or human effort. They are deliberately and skillfully created by God. It emphasizes God’s artistry and creative power in shaping believers. The term suggests a deliberate and beautiful design, similar to a work of art meticulously crafted by a skilled artisan. God is the divine artist, and believers are his masterpieces.

2. New Creation in Christ: Poiēma reinforces the idea of new creation, a central theme in Pauline theology (2 Corinthians 5:17; Galatians 6:15). Through union with Christ, believers are transformed from their former state and become something entirely new. This new creation is not merely a reformation or improvement of the old self; it is a radical transformation brought about by the Holy Spirit. Poiēma underscores the comprehensive nature of this transformation, indicating that every aspect of the believer’s being is affected and re-created.

3. Purposeful Design for Good Works: Ephesians 2:10 explicitly states that believers are created in Christ Jesus "for good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them." Therefore, the poiēma is not just an artistic creation for aesthetic value; it is a creation with a specific purpose. God’s workmanship is designed to equip believers to fulfill his intended purpose for their lives, which is to perform good works that glorify him. These good works are not the means of salvation, but rather the evidence and fruit of salvation.

4. Divine Initiative and Agency: The use of poiēma also stresses God’s initiative in salvation and sanctification. It is God who initiates and accomplishes the work of creation in believers. They are passive recipients of his grace and active participants in the outworking of his purpose. The poiēma highlights that believers are not self-made; they are divinely created. God’s agency is paramount in the process of transformation.

5. Uniqueness and Individuality: While all believers are part of God’s new creation, each poiēma is unique and individual. God’s artistry is not mass-produced; it is tailored to each person’s individual gifts, talents, and calling. Each believer is a unique expression of God’s creative power, designed to fulfill a specific role in his kingdom. This emphasizes the value and importance of each individual believer in the body of Christ.

In summary, poiēma in Ephesians 2:10 signifies that believers are God’s carefully crafted masterpieces, created in Christ Jesus for the purpose of performing good works that he has prepared for them. It highlights God’s creative power, transformative grace, and purposeful design in the lives of believers. The term emphasizes the newness of their creation, their unique identity, and their calling to live out their faith through good works that bring glory to God.

Pray This Prayer

Heavenly Father,

We come before you today, humbled by your grace and overwhelmed by your love. We are drawn to ponder the truth proclaimed in Ephesians 2:10, that we are your workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works.

Lord, help us to truly grasp the meaning of that word, "poiema," the workmanship you declare us to be. Remind us that it is not simply a label, but a profound reality. Guide us to understand that "poiema" speaks not just of something made, but of a masterpiece, a work of art carefully crafted and intentionally designed.

Help us see ourselves as you see us: not broken, incomplete projects, but as beautiful, purposeful creations, meticulously fashioned by your hand. Remind us that this "poiema" is not born of our own merit or effort, but entirely of your grace and love, poured out through Jesus Christ.

May we understand that this "poiema" is not a static piece to be admired, but a living, breathing work in progress. Equip us, Lord, to live out the good works you have prepared for us, works that flow naturally from the divine artistry within us.

Let our lives be a testament to your craftsmanship, a living exhibition of your grace and power. May the world see in us not our own accomplishments, but the radiant beauty and purpose of your "poiema," a life transformed and reflecting your glory.

We thank you for this incredible truth, this profound identity. May we embrace it, live it, and share it with a world in desperate need of your love and grace.

In the name of Jesus Christ, our Creator and Redeemer, we pray.

Amen.